1.1~1.3單字
1. immense
巨大的;廣大的;無邊無際的;無限的
2. rapidly
很快地,立即,迅速地
3. exponentially
以指數方式
4. melted
融化;熔化
5. crushed
壓碎,壓壞;碾碎;榨
6. ecological
生態(學)的
7. bankrupt
破產的;有關破產的
8. describes
得,準租金
9. Capital
首都;首府;省會[C]
10. functions
官能,功能,作用
11. resources
資源;物力,財力[P]
12. energy
活力,幹勁[U]
13. revolution
革命,革命運動[C][U]
14. agricultural
農業的;務農的;農用的
15. practices
實行,實施,實踐[U]
16. automobile
【美】汽車[C]
17. consumption
消耗;用盡
18. spread
使伸展,使延伸
19. footprint
腳印,足跡[C]
20. Supplement
增補,補充[(+to)]
21. expectancy
期望;預期
22. industrialization
工業化
23. development
生長;進化;發展;發達[C][U][(+from/into)]
24. impoverish
使貧窮;使赤貧
25. bankrupt
破產的;有關破產的
26. depleting
用盡;使減少
27. resource
資源;物力,財力[P]
28. exponentially
以指數方式
29. individuals
個人的,個體的[B]
30. Renewable
可更新的;可恢復的;可繼續的
31. particular
特殊的;特定的;特別的[Z][B]
32. photosynthesis
光合作用
33. preserving
保存,保藏;防腐[(+from)]
34. compromises
妥協,和解[C][U][(+between)]
35. critical
緊要的,關鍵性的,危急的
36. components
(機器、設備等的)構成要素;零件;成分[C]
37. ecosystem
生態系統
38. Ecology
【生】生態學
39. interdisciplinary
各學科間的
40. introduction
介紹;正式引見[U][C][P1]
41. duplicated
複製;複寫;影印,拷貝
42. dominate
支配,統治,控制
43. automobile
【美】汽車[C]
44. hunter
獵人,獵手
45. irreplaceable
不能調換的
46. Affluent
富裕的
47. Projected
計劃;企劃
48. European
歐洲人
49. exponential
【數】指數的
50. exceeded
超過;勝過[(+in)]
51. extinction
滅絕;消滅
52. yield
出產;結出(果實);產生(效果,收益等)
53. aluminum
【美】鋁[U]
54. continuously
連續不斷地,接連地
55. nonmetallic
【化】非金屬的
56. depleting
用盡;使減少
57. Footprints
腳印,足跡[C]
58. Ecological
生態(學)的
59. conventional
習慣的,慣例的
60. desperately
絕望地;不顧一切地,拼命地
61.resource
資源
62.conservation
保護
63.perpetual resource
永久資源
64.renewable resource
可恢復的資源
65.conservation
(對自然資源的)保護,管理
66.sustaining supplies
持久的供給
67.current
流動 水流 氣流
68.solar energy
太陽能
69.petroleum
石油
70.ecological footprint
生態足跡
71.per capita ecological footprint
單位數目生態足跡
72.biological capacity
生物負載力
73.unsustainably
無持續能力的
74.irreplaceable
不能調換的
75.Agricultural
農業的
76.Industrialmedical revolution
工業革命
1.1~1.3小節重點整理或摘錄
1.1
What Is an Environmentally Sustainable Society?
(什麼是一個環境能承受的社會?)
Environmental Science Is a Study of Connectionsin Nature
(環境科學是在自然研究裡的連接)
The environment is everything around us. It includesall of the living and the nonliving things (air, water,and energy) with which we interact.
環境是一切在我們附近。它包括所有生活和無生物(空氣、水, 和能量)。
The goalsof environmental science are to learn how nature works,how the environment affects us, how we affect the environment,and how to deal with environmental problems and livemore sustainably.
環境科學的目標是學會怎麼自然運作, 怎麼環境影響我們, 怎麼我們影響環境, 並且怎麼應付環境問題和能長期居住。
2.Sustainability Is the Central Theme of This Book
(能持續力是這本書主要題材)
Sustainability is the ability of the earth’s various naturalsystems and human cultural systems and economiesto survive and adapt to changing environmental conditionsindefinitely.
能持續力是地球的各種各樣的自然系統的能力和人的文化系統和經濟生存和適應不確定地改變環境狀況。
Natural services arefunctions of nature, such as purification of air and water,which support life and human economies.
自然服務是自然的作用, 譬如空氣和水的洗淨,支持生活和人的經濟。
A critical natural service is nutrient cycling, thecirculation of chemicals necessary for life from the environment(mostly soil and water) through organismsand back to the environment
一項重要自然服務是營養循環, 化學製品的循環必要在生活從環境(主要土壤和水) 通過有機體和回到環境。
Our lives and economies dependon energy from the sun (solar capital) and natural re-sourcesand natural services (natural capital) provided by the earth.
我們的生活和經濟取決於能量從太陽(太陽資本) 並且自然資源和自然服務(自然資本) 由地球提供。
A second component of sustainability—and anothersubtheme of this text—is to recognize that many humanactivities can degrade natural capital by using normallyrenewable resources faster than nature can renewthem.
第二個組分能持續力和這的其他subtheme 文本是認為, 許多人類活動可能貶低自然資本由快速地使用通常更新資源比自然可能更新他們。
This leads us to the third component of sustainability:the scientific search for solutions to these and otherenvironmental problems.
這帶領我們能持續力第三個組分: 科學查尋對這些和其它環境問題的解決辦法。
3.Environmentally Sustainable Societies Protect Natural Capital and Live Off Its Income
(能承受的社會環境保護自然資本和居住它的收入)
The ultimate goal is an environmentally sustainablesociety—one that meets the current and future basicresource needs of its people in a just and equitablemanner without compromising the ability of futuregenerations to meet their basic needs.
最終目標是適應它的人民現在和未來基本的資源需要以正義和公平的方式沒有減弱未來世代能力適應他們基本的需要的一個環境能承受的社會一。
1.2
How Can Environmentally Sustainable Societies Grow Economically?
(穩定的社會環境怎麼能使經濟成長)
1.Economic growth is an increase in a nation’s outputof goods and services.
(經濟增長是在國家的輸出商品的增量和服務。)
2.According to the United Nations, such destitute countriesare in a desperate cycle of steadily worsening extremepoverty, disease, scarcities of key resources (suchas water, cropland, firewood, and fish), dysfunctional government, violence, and social chaos.
(根據聯合國, 這樣窮困國家是在平穩地惡化極端貧窮的一個絕望週期, 疾病, 關鍵資源缺乏(這樣作為水、農田、木柴, 和魚)，不正常的政府、暴力, 和社會紛亂。)
3.Some economists call for continuing conventionaleconomic growth, which has helped increase food supplies,allowed people to live longer, and stimulated massproduction of an array of useful goods and services formany people.
(一些經濟學家要求繼續常規經濟增長, 幫助增量食品供應, 允許人長期居住, 和刺激了一些有用的物品和服務大量生產。)
1.3
How Are Our Ecological Footprints Affecting the Earth?
(我們的生態學如何影響環境)
1.From a human standpoint, a resource is anythingobtained from the environment to meet our needs andwants.
從一個人的立場, 資源是任何被獲得從環境適應我們的需要和要。
2.Conservation is the management of natural resourceswith the goal of minimizing resource waste andsustaining supplies for current and future generations.
保護是自然資源的管理以使減到最小的資源廢物和承受的供應的目標為現在和未來世代。
3.When we exceed arenewable resource’s natural replacement rate, theavailable supply begins to shrink, a process known asenvironmental degradation.
當我們超出更新資源的自然替換率, 可利用的供應開始收縮, 過程以環境退化
4.example, during thiscentury a mix of renewable energy resources such aswind, the sun, flowing water, and the heat in theearth’s interior could reduce our dependence on nonrenewablefossil fuels such as oil and coal.
在本世紀期間可再造能源資源的混合譬如風、太陽、流動的水, 和熱在地球的內部能減少我們的對不可更新的礦物燃料的依賴性譬如石油和煤炭。
5.Our Ecological FootprintsAre Growing(我們生態學上的增長
6.The per capita ecologicalfootprint is the average ecological footprint of an individualin a given country or area.
生態學腳印人均是個體的平均生態學腳印在一個指定的國家或區域。
7.the Global Footprint Network estimates that by 2050humanity will be trying to use twice as many renewableresources as the planet can supply
全球性腳印網路估計那在2050 年以前人類設法使用兩次許多種更新資源當行星可能供應
8.China’s New Affluent Consumers 中國-新富有的消費者
9.Cultural Changes Have IncreasedOur Ecological Footprints
文化變動增加了我們的生態學腳印
10.Each of these cultural changes gave us more energyand new technologies with which to alter and controlmore of the planet to meet our basic needs and increasingwants.
每個這些文化變動給了我們修改和控制更多行星遇見我們基本的需要和增加要的更多能量和新技術。
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